See 龜茲 on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "endonym"
},
"expansion": "endonym",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "txb",
"3": "*Kuśi"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B *Kuśi",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Adams, 2013"
},
"expansion": "Adams, 2013",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "ine-toc-pro",
"3": "*kući(ye)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian *kući(ye)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pra-niy",
"2": "𐨐𐨂𐨕𐨁𐨪𐨗𐨎𐨨𐨁",
"t": "kingdom of Kuci"
},
"expansion": "Niya Prakrit 𐨐𐨂𐨕𐨁𐨪𐨗𐨎𐨨𐨁 (kucirajaṃmi, “kingdom of Kuci”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ḱewk-",
"t": "shining, white"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱewk- (“shining, white”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested in the Book of Han, written in the 2nd century. Apparently corresponds to the endonym of the historical Kucha in Tocharian B *Kuśi, attested in the genitive Kuśiñ and adjective kuśiññe (“pertaining to *Kuśi”), or its more archaic variant (see Adams, 2013, which reconstructs the Proto-Tocharian *kući(ye) proto-form for the adjective). Cf. Niya Prakrit 𐨐𐨂𐨕𐨁𐨪𐨗𐨎𐨨𐨁 (kucirajaṃmi, “kingdom of Kuci”). Adams (ibid.) suggests further etymology from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewk- (“shining, white”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "龟兹",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "龜茲",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Kucha or Kuchar (an ancient Central Asian city-state that flourished in the first millennium AD, located in modern day Aksu, Xinjiang)"
],
"id": "en-龜茲-zh-name-PQuysjQE",
"links": [
[
"Kucha",
"Kucha"
],
[
"Kuchar",
"Kuchar"
],
[
"Aksu",
"Aksu#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "Kùchē",
"word": "庫車／库车"
},
{
"roman": "Kùchē",
"word": "庫車"
},
{
"roman": "Kùchē",
"word": "库车"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Book of Han"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Qiūcí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄑㄧㄡ ㄘˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "kau¹ ci⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gau¹ ci⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Qiūcí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Cioucíh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "Chʻiu¹-tzʻŭ²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "Chyōu-tsź"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Chioutsyr"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Цюцы"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Cjucy"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kāu chìh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gāu chìh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kau¹ tsi⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gau¹ tsi⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "keo¹ qi⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "geo¹ qi⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "kjuw dzi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*kʷɯ zɯ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/"
},
{
"other": "/*kʷɯ zɯ/"
}
],
"word": "龜茲"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "endonym"
},
"expansion": "endonym",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "txb",
"3": "*Kuśi"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B *Kuśi",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Adams, 2013"
},
"expansion": "Adams, 2013",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "ine-toc-pro",
"3": "*kući(ye)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian *kući(ye)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pra-niy",
"2": "𐨐𐨂𐨕𐨁𐨪𐨗𐨎𐨨𐨁",
"t": "kingdom of Kuci"
},
"expansion": "Niya Prakrit 𐨐𐨂𐨕𐨁𐨪𐨗𐨎𐨨𐨁 (kucirajaṃmi, “kingdom of Kuci”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ḱewk-",
"t": "shining, white"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱewk- (“shining, white”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested in the Book of Han, written in the 2nd century. Apparently corresponds to the endonym of the historical Kucha in Tocharian B *Kuśi, attested in the genitive Kuśiñ and adjective kuśiññe (“pertaining to *Kuśi”), or its more archaic variant (see Adams, 2013, which reconstructs the Proto-Tocharian *kući(ye) proto-form for the adjective). Cf. Niya Prakrit 𐨐𐨂𐨕𐨁𐨪𐨗𐨎𐨨𐨁 (kucirajaṃmi, “kingdom of Kuci”). Adams (ibid.) suggests further etymology from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewk- (“shining, white”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "龟兹",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "龜茲",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"Cantonese proper nouns",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese terms derived from Proto-Tocharian",
"Chinese terms derived from Tocharian B",
"Chinese terms spelled with 茲",
"Chinese terms spelled with 龜",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin proper nouns",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese proper nouns",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese proper nouns",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Kucha or Kuchar (an ancient Central Asian city-state that flourished in the first millennium AD, located in modern day Aksu, Xinjiang)"
],
"links": [
[
"Kucha",
"Kucha"
],
[
"Kuchar",
"Kuchar"
],
[
"Aksu",
"Aksu#English"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"Book of Han"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Qiūcí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄑㄧㄡ ㄘˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "kau¹ ci⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gau¹ ci⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Qiūcí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Cioucíh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "Chʻiu¹-tzʻŭ²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "Chyōu-tsź"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Chioutsyr"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Цюцы"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Cjucy"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kāu chìh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gāu chìh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kau¹ tsi⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gau¹ tsi⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "keo¹ qi⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "geo¹ qi⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "kjuw dzi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*kʷɯ zɯ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/"
},
{
"other": "/*kʷɯ zɯ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "Kùchē",
"word": "庫車／库车"
},
{
"roman": "Kùchē",
"word": "庫車"
},
{
"roman": "Kùchē",
"word": "库车"
}
],
"word": "龜茲"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 龜茲 meaning in All languages combined (4.1kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"龜茲"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "龜茲",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"龜茲"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "龜茲",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.